Lay out the perimeter of the project by accurately driving stakes at the corners About 5' (15m) outside these stakes, drive 1" x 4" (25mm x 100mm)stakes and construct batter boards as shown Because the trench must be at least 3' wide to allow room to work, batter boards should be 4' to 5' (12m to 15m) long 2 Transfer the building linesThen set into the rough sill the same depth of the window or greater With a utility knife, cut the flashing from the corner down the flashing that will expose the previously installed corner guard (see drawing) • Roll out and smooth with J roller Canada and USA 4 International 4 set shiMs and level the sill Take angular setting out – Right angles setting out to mark the next columns on a straight line (Use the Pythagoras theorem) Setting out 3 4 5 method Setting out pole Finally, after the completion of setting out for the whole building, use
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How is the 3-4-5 method applied in layout situations
How is the 3-4-5 method applied in layout situations-The 345 triangle must have One side ( triangle leg) that is 3 feet long A second side (triangle leg) that is 4 feet long A third side, connecting the two legs measuring 5 feet long Any triangle with sides of 3, 4, and 5 feet will have a 90degree angle opposite the 5foot sideBefore making the first setup of the day, visually inspect the instrument for damage 31(4) SURVEYING EQUIPMENT, MEASUREMENTS AND ERRORS Field Adjustments May 05 SURVEYING EQUIPMENT, MEASUREMENTS AND ERRORS 31(5) Repetition Method Successive measurements of an angle can be accumulated The
4 of 13 8/30/06 300 PM 4 Furrow the mortar with the point of trowel Divide the mortar cleanly with the trowel;41 Setting out Right Angles the 345 Method To set out right angles in the field, a measuring tape, two ranging poles, pegs and three persons are required The first person holds together, between thumb and finger, the zero mark and the 12 metre mark of the tape The 3 4 5 method is an application of the Pythagoras Theorem ie Forming right Angle Most times, 2 or 3 people are involve in this 3 meters is Measure from the Parallel Line created, then 4 Meter Away from the First point forming a Right Angle, you use your Measuring tape to Confirm the distance between the 3m point noted at the parallel line and the 4m noted at the
In this video we learn about 345 method for setting out 90 degree (right angle) layout of a building this method is based on Pythagoras theoremFollow us🕑 Reading time 1 minuteSetting out of building foundation trenches is the process of laying down the excavation line and centerline on the ground based on the foundation plan The setting out process is also called as ground tracing that is performed before commencing the excavation process Once the design of foundation is complete, a500 SURVEYING PROCEDURES Page 501 Linear Measurement A General 511 B Taping 511 C Electronic Distance Measuring 514 D Stadia 517 502 Angles and Angular Measurement
The objectives of surveying for building construction are to lay out the proposed (3) (4) (5) Nail 1 by 6inch boards to the stakes to direction inside the building by setting up onBuilding & Construction InformationHow to layout your foundation for building a shed, patio, garage or other structures
4 Site Layout Planning Elements A well planned site including all temporary facilities and utilities lead to 1) increasing productivity and safety, 2) reducing area(s) needed for temporary construction, and 3) maximizing utilization The following points should be considered in good site layout 1 Safety41 Setting out Right Angles the 345 Method To set out right angles in the field, a measuring tape, two ranging poles, pegs and three persons are required The first person holds together, between thumb and finger, the zero mark and the 12 metre mark of the tapeChains, or 660 feet A rod is 1/4 of a chain or 165 feet Rods are commonly used in early highway rightof way descriptions The Wisconsin Statutes still describe rightofway as 3 or 4 rods • Taping methods It takes some skill to measure distances with a tape and produce accurate, consistent results
Do not scrape it Good furrows not only ensure that the bricks not only ensure that the bricks are laid evenly, but they also help to squeeze out excess mortar on the sides as the bricks are set in place Laying the Bricks 1 The first step in building setting out is to identify a base line according to the site layout plan We can establish the base line considering the permanent structures and the relevant distances to structural parts from them as given in the drawings Step 1 Obtaining of a Base Line Step 1 Obtaining of a Base LineLab #3 survey of an area by chain survey (closed traverse) 8 lab #4 chaining across obstacles 10 lab #5 chain surveying (mapping by tape) 15 lab #6 study of level and levelling staff 18 lab #7 differential or fly levelling – reduce levels by hi method 22 lab # 8 differential or fly levelling – reduce levels by rise and fall method 24
Right angle is set up by forming triangles with sides 3,4and5units long If we fix the two sides of the right angles triangle to be 3 m, and 4 m, then the third side ie the hypotenuse should be taken a 5 m The dimensions should be set out with a steel tape The alternative method of setting out right angle is by the use of theodolite ThisSETTING OUT OF BUILDING Right angles Most buildings are based on squares or rectangles This means that corners will be right angles – 90º To make sure that lines are at right angles to each other, corners can be set out using the 345 method This will always give a perfect right angle of measurement accurately 10This will always give a perfect and accurate rightangle The 345 method is based on Pythagoras' Theorum, which states that for every rightangled triangle the square of the hypotenuse (longest side) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides In other words, A B = C (see Fig 53) A rightangled triangle with short sides of 3 units and 4 units will always have a longest side
Setting Out S E C T I O N 1 S E C T I O N 5 MODULE 4 SHEET 21 Setting Out Procedures Before Commencement The first step in setting out a building is to establish a base (or 'frontage') line to which all other lines can be related This requires the building line to be identified and marked (step 1) The base line is often on the building line, set by the planning department of the local One of the simplest ways is to use the method known as 345 triangle method PROCEDURE 1 A peg with a nail is fixed exactly at 3m from the corner peg on the fixed line 2 A measuring tape is the hooked to the nail on the corner peg and another tape is hooked to the nail of the peg on the front line 3 The method of setting out is the reverse of surveying process The process involves the positions and levels of building lines and road alignments shown on the construction plans to be established on the ground by various techniques and instruments A building can be set out by taking referencing from an already established baseline An irregular building or a building
Appropriate accuracies They are required to calculate rectangular to polar coordinates for setting out and participate in fieldwork for at least two tasks which need different standards of accuracy Examples would be the setting out of building corners and of manholes For P4, learners must carry out fieldwork to control level and gradient 345 method is commonly used for setting out the right angle by using the tape which gives pretty accurate right angle and is widely used in day to day practice Person 1 holds the zero mark & 12m mark of tape Person 2 holds the 3 meter mark of the tape Person 3 holds the 8 meter mark of the tape When all the sides are stretched, a triangle is formed and the angle near PROCEDURES IN SETTING OUT {Builder's Square} 1 Find the distance of the site building to the building line on working drawings 2 Place a peg in the ground at corner A and hammer a nail into the top of the peg 3 Repeat these steps to place a
Set stakes (lath) at least 4 feet long, marked "Clearing," at the offset, marking the limits of the area to be cleared Where slope treatment is to be provided, clearing normally is staked 10 feet beyond the limits of the slope treatment with 5 feet minimum Do not set grading stakes until clearing and grubbing work is completed12 Set out is described in terms of the setting up of building profiles Range location, erection, reduced level, stability, plumb, level, datum 13 Levelling equipment and methods are described in terms of achieving a level surface within a specified tolerance Range straight edge and spirit level, water level, builder's level, laserSetting out a house building project fixing profiles Setting out, pegging out for a slab on the ground 3,4,5 ( (3x3=9)(4x4=16) 915=25, so does 5x5=25) In the sketch above I show a method of using the profile to offset the line to miss obstacles and then reset to get the point that is a true extension of the main building line
41 Setting out Right Angles the 345 Method To set out right angles in the field, a measuring tape, two ranging poles, pegs and three persons are required The first person holds together, between thumb and finger, the zero mark and the 12 metre mark of the tapeAt right angles to each other, corners can be set out using the 345 method This will always give a perfect right angle of measurement accurately Checking for square An easy way of checking if a square or rectangle has been set out correctly, with all corners atPlace pegs exactly at points A and B, 2 Hold the zero point of the tape measure on the peg A, 3 A second person holds the mark 80 metres on the tape measure on peg B, 4 A third person holds the tape measure on mark 50 metres, which will lead to point C
The setting out data which we will use for this unit is shown in Figure 2 below The data for the control points and Personnel Inspection Chambers (MH 26 & 27) is as follows The coordinates for each corner of the central structure are as shown in Figure 3 Note The finished floor level (FFL) is set at 1070m Article Summary X To build square corners with the 345 rule, first measure 3 units from the corner on 1 side Turn in a perpendicular direction from the first line and measure 4 units Then, measure the diagonal between the ends of your 2 lines If it measures 5 units, your corner is square1 From the plan (fig 1), the centre line of the walls are calculated Then the centre lines of the rooms are set out by setting perpendiculars in the ratio 345 Suppose the corner points are a, b, c, d, e, f and g which are marked by pegs with nails on top 2 The setting of the corner point is checked according to diagonals ac, bd, cf and eg 3
3 Building Construction Manual SKAT 4 Joints in Masonry Module MM13 Habitat Polytech, Richmar and testing methods of building materials that are most commonly used in housing construc 5 MODULE 1 MODULE 2 MODULE 3 MODULE 4 MODULE 5 MODULE 1 Introduction to Setting Out a Building 1 THE SITE IS CLEAREDTHE SITE IS CLEARED 2 MARKING OUT THE SITEMARKING OUT THE SITE Once the topsoil has been removed (and levels reduced if necessary), the foundation can be setout by surveyors or engineers The graphic on the left shows the foundation plan superimposed over the siteOther Using the 345 method for squaring corners will help ensure your corners are square To create corners, we use the 345 rule from basic geometry 4 feet This means the square ofthe hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum ofthe square of both legs = (5)2 9 16 25 Getting awayfrom the math stuff it simply means that ifyou
Take angular setting out – Right angles setting out to mark the next columns on a straight line (Use the Pythagoras theorem) Setting out 3 4 5 method Setting out pole Finally, after the completion of setting out for the whole building, use But we are going to concern ourselves with the simple pegging which is common and later talk about setting out with using blocks Assuming you have a rectangular site of 50ft x100ft what you should take note first of is the four corners where we have your pillars Put pegs at each points or very close in case you have disturbing concrete After establishing these four Rope Method In Setting Out A Building A line has to be set out perpendicular to the base line from peg (A) Peg (A) is not on the base line A long rope with a loop at both ends and a measuring tape are used The rope should be a few metres longer than the
Setting out of culvert • Fix a peg at O • Set up theodolite over O • Bisect the point B and fix the a number of points along OB • Transits the telescope and fix a number of points along OA • Set out the line CD at right angle to AB and fix a number of points necessary to define the line CD • Set off the distance O1,O2,O3,O4 etcFigure 3 Building profiles diagonals are equal length if building setout is square outside line of foundations string lines stretched between profiles high profiles at lower end of a sloping site 5000 4000 3000 stake peg taut string line braces in both directions brace horizontal batter board profiles minimum 900 mm from building check set
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